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Curriculum Development for Inclusive Education
Asghar Hussain
AbstractUsing a short revision course as a test case, this paper will look at the wider issues revolving around developing a curriculum; it will look closely at the process and praxis of the educational journey to attain the product with a deeper understanding of what is being studied. The paper will also discuss how the managing of product and process, amidst a lecturer/teacher’s knowledge of their students is increasingly important. In addition, recognizing the student’s objectives and pushing them to search out (with a certain degree of autonomy) their own objectives through reflection and contextualization of learning.
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Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy: Launching a Beverage Product in South Asian Markets
Yousaf Raheel
AbstractThis paper provides an integrated marketing communication strategy for launching a beverage product in Pakistan. Context analyses conducted as part of this study include internal and external analysis, business analysis, stakeholder analysis, and customer analysis. In context of marketing communication strategy, this research includes SMART marketing communication objectives, a detailed discussion on considerations in developing marketing communication strategy, a comprehensive strategy to achieve marketing communication objectives, and discussion on the mechanism of controlling and evaluation of marketing communications plan. It is important to highlight that although in this work, a focus has been placed on the consumer market of Pakistan, due to socio-cultural and demographic similarities between the countries in South Asia, this strategy will prove equally effective in India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal and Bhutan.
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An Overview of the Cultural History of the Middle East
Waseem Ahmed
AbstractThe Middle East is a diverse region with heterogeneity in culture. In this paper we will discuss different cultural aspects of the Middle East, generating a comprehensive picture of its cultural values and how over the course of time it has changed. We will also discuss religious shift in the region as Middle East is a birthplace of three main religions: Islam, Christianity and Judaism. We will also talk about their day-to-day life and art and architecture.
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An Analysis of the Causes of Terrorism in Europe
Hamza Abid
AbstractThis paper discusses the major causes of terrorism in Europe. Terrorism is a complex set of phenomena. There are common root causes which result in the proliferation of violence in different parts of the world including Europe. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion about the role of right wing and left-wing extremism, and national, regional, and international terrorist groups, and the way they affect the peace in the region. The paper also discusses how the treatment of minorities and their suppression might lead to incidents of extremism and terrorism. The aspects of religious and political differences between the people living in the Europe, and how these differences make Europe more vulnerable are covered as well. Based on our previous study (Encinas, 2018), this paper divides Europe into 7 strategic blocks to help understand the terrorism in a regional perspective.
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Analysis of the Role of Social Workers in Disaster Management
Yousaf Raheel
AbstractIn this paper we will discuss the role of social workers in helping out the people who suffered from disasters. It is evident that Social Workers have always been whole heartedly supporting the people as well as governmental organizations to combat challenges that occur immediately after any disaster such as hunger, lack of shelter homes, lack of blood donors, issues in accessing deserving people, distribution of food items, digging out the corpse, helping people recover from the loss and many more challenges. In this paper we will focus on four major disasters which resulted in a large number of causalities and the role of social workers in the recovery process.
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Analysis of the Impact of Media in the US Elections
Farrukh Aqeel
AbstractNew Media has played an increasingly central role in American elections since they first appeared in 1992. While television remains the primary source of election information for a dominant part of voters, digital communication platforms have become prominent. New Media have activated changes in the campaign strategies of political parties, candidates, and political associations; reshaped election media coverage; and influenced voter commitment. The new media condition is dynamic and continues to develop in the novel, sometimes unanticipated, ways that have genuine ramifications for democratic governance and politics. The manner in which individuals, exchange ideas through digital media were intensified all through the election process. Online media have favorable positions over conventional media in view of its capacity to control message content. However, content on social media sites tends to be unfiltered, allowing inaccuracies disseminated. The 2016 presidential election is an example of how citizens must “make sense of the world” by making a “sense of the flood of information” (Dekat, 2017).
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Critical Analysis of the Role of Media in Democracy in the Middle East
Imtiaz Khan
AbstractThe role of the media, and particularly social media, in the Arab Spring has been broadly debated in the scholarly world. The Arab Middle East, specifically, tends to be constructed in public disclosure as experiencing social, political and financial hardships, to legitimize military activity and development assistance. Moving toward the issue of media and democratization from another edge, we dissect and analyze the ways of journalistic understanding, which thusly direct to the transition process. 21st-century struggles for democracy occur in a media-saturated environment where the media's tenets of the game impact the crafting and working of political establishments. The venture will speculate the media's job, in political polarization in the contemporary Middle East and clarify how mechanisms we know about media influence the majority.
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An Insight into the Cultural History of Europe
Waseem Ahmed
AbstractEurope is a diverse region with heterogeneity in culture. In this paper we will discuss different aspects of culture including religion and beliefs, art and architecture, linguistics, and music in different eras of Europe. A comprehensive picture will emerge from this work about Europe from the earliest human in the continent to modernized Europe.
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An Overview of the Incidents of Terrorism in the Europe
Hamza Abid
AbstractIn order to explore the root causes of terrorism in future this, paper records the instances of terrorism in different parts of the Europe. European Union comprises of several nations with entirely different set of issues in the context of terrorism. Although considering every nation individually would have been the ideal way to record the instances, in favor of space, we prefer studying Europe divided into different strategic blocks. This paper briefly discusses various recent instances of terrorism in Europe. We hope that a comprehensive picture emerges from this work about terrorism issues in Europe. This research will help us highlight the root causes of terrorism in future publications.
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Professionalism: Understanding its Meaning and Impact in Relation to Effective Teaching and Learning
Asghar Hussain
AbstractThis paper will focus on elucidating what it means to be a modern professional in the teaching sector. It will discuss the notion of professionalism in light of changes in education and educational reform. Furthermore, it will highlight the importance of reflective practice, and as a consequence, the teachers will develop a clear understanding of their position within the educational sector as professional practitioners.
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Cooperative Learning Approaches Affecting Student Academic Performance at University Level
Adina Shahzad, Amjad Reba, Laila
AbstractThis suggests studying of students cooperative learning affecting their academic performance at university level. The study explores the effect of cooperative learning on academic performance of students. The study was limited to only Department of Education University of Okara. Questionnaire comprising of 4 questions and liker scale was used in questionnaire. The collected data was then tabulated and analyzed through percentage method. Finding of the study shows that majority of the respondents agreed that role of cooperative learning plays an important role in their academic achievement and help to communicate with others. A significant number of students respondent agreed that cooperative learning develops the sense of sharing knowledge. It is recommended that the department could put more emphasis on promoting cooperative learning because it has been shown to have numerous benefits, including improvements in achievement, performance, and class participation.
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Classroom Disruptions: Causes, Effects, and Strategies for Tackling Disruptive Behaviour
Azhar Khan
AbstractClassroom settings and disruptive behaviour are critical topics in society today because of the growing concerns of bullying related suicides, enhancement of electronic and social media use, and mental health and cultural issues. While disruptive behaviour may seem insignificant for some, many times there are serious underlying issues that need to be addressed. In this paper we will discuss different types of disruptive behaviours in the classroom setting and explore key reasons behind such behaviours.
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Impact of Corporal Punishment on the Academic Achievement of Students
Zubaida, Amjad Reba
AbstractCorporal punishment is physical punishment. It is a punishment in which physical force is intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort. It includes hitting the children with hand or with a cane, strip or with any other object, kicking, shaking, or throwing children, scratching, pinching, pulling their ears and their hairs etc. Thus, it is the harmful form of punishment which discourages the children. The study was conducted in District Chitral. Data was collected from 100 respondents of primary school students using random sampling technique through proportional allocation method using interview schedule. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. It is an essential strategy for all forms of violence in societies. As special strategy for ending of corporal punishment to make more visible through research interviewing children and teachers.it is a universal issue, so in most countries worldwide the initiative builds a global map of the prevalence and legality of corporal punishment. Also, in the right of children article 19 it is stated to protect children from all forms of physical and other punishment. The main purpose of the study is to know whether corporal punishment is given in school. The major objective is to know whether teachers know the philosophy of punishment and punish the student accordingly. While discussions have been made on the basis of findings and results. For the said purpose questionnaire survey method was adopted and it was found out that majority of students and teachers are against corporal punishment. The study suggests the teacher’s education, training and awareness regarding hold back ways of corporal punishment and affect alternative ways to correct students’ misbehavior is irresistible.
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On the Significance of Communicating Behavior Expectations to the Students During Early Stages of an Academic Course
M Adeel, S Al-Sultan
AbstractClassroom management has a critical impact on effective teaching and learning. Classroom disruptions are the pattern of repeated behavior that significantly interrupts the teaching and learning process. It, therefore, becomes vital to handle these disruptions and the ability of a teacher to handle classroom discipline is given key priority in observation of teaching and learning conducted by the regulators. In this paper, we will focus on evaluating the significance of communicating behavior expectations to the students earlier on in the course, or ideally in the very first session, and its impact on effective teaching and learning. The analysis is based on the review of literature, interviews, and on the results of a survey completed by the teachers of a UK-based FE institution.
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Establish the Enrollment Trend of the 4th Grade in District Muzaffarabad
Nafeesa Mir Zaman, Amjad Reba
AbstractThis study aimed to describe the enrollment trend to 4th grade students of selected public schools of city Muzaffarabad. For this purpose, researcher had selected 6 public schools through simple random sampling. A questionnaire containing different sections entitled as enrollment trends, school attendance on daily basis and education was designed to collect the data from different schools. This study revealed many important aspects that are necessary to be addressed in the public schools of district Muzaffarabad. The present study also yielded different ways for further research. This study also examined that there is low enrollment of the students at the 4th grade in the public schools of the district Muzaffarabad. It is recommended that the stakeholders should provide all the necessities to government schools that are essential for the formal and modern education. There should be a focus on the improvement of the public schools and parents should be engaged in the educational setup so that they can identify their children interests and abilities to perform better in their academic life. Because of the benefits students’ enrollment and attendance rates are high then the public school.
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Impact of Heavy School Bags on Students’ Physical Health and Learning Outcomes in Primary Schools of District Peshawar, KP
Sara Amin
AbstractKids are almost left with no options than to carry heavy school bags to school these days for a number of reasons. It has been observed by pediatricians that such a thing automatically leads to strained backs and necks in growing children, and also impacts the learning outcomes of the students. It is not any more uncommon to find students, especially in middle schools, carrying huge bags weighing up to 30 pounds on their backs on a regular basis. Each year millions of students carry heavy bags with their shoulders drawn down with the weight. It is not surprising then that children complain of back pain, neck sprains etc.
Previously there are different studies in some developed countries regarding the impacts of Heavy Bags on Child`s health and learning outcome. In Pakistan, there is very little consideration awarded to analysis of student`s physical health and learning outcomes in context of the heavy bags they carry. Hence the role of Heavy bags presents an important area for analysis of the impacts of heavy bags in primary students in Pakistan.
The study used a self-administered questionnaire among teachers of sampled students from public schools in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. The data collected was analyzed using statistical tools. The results suggested that that the respondents agreed that students in their class have heavy bags, their students complain of back pain due to heavy bags and often suffer muscle pain. Students have short attention span, often have damaged spinal cord, suffer with back pain and hence leads to absence of students from school. The results also signify that heavy bags result in low concentration, fatigue, learning and effect activities of the students.
Assimilation Dynamics: An In-depth Analysis of Immigrants' Integration into American Society from Historical to Contemporary Perspectives
Iftikhar Mehmood
AbstractAssimilation is the process by which immigrants become some part of the mainstream culture of their new nation, decreasing the contrasts among migrants and native-born Americans. Research frequently recognizes social assimilation, in which ethnic and social standards from the past nation become less common and different factors, for example, socioeconomic success and educational equity, alluded to under the umbrella of structural assimilation. Assimilation, particularly social assimilation, has been a questionable discussion in American policymaking, influencing education, health policy, and other areas. Previously, many trusted that all out assimilation was important for the sound working of American culture. Today, many grasp multicultural or divided absorption speculations, which see multiculturalism and a particular ethnic way of life as strength rather than a weakness.
The United States has for quite some time been seen as a land of opportunity for immigrants. However, both past and today, US natives have expressed concern that immigrants neglect to incorporate into US society and lower wages for existing workers. This paper reviews the literature on historical and contemporary migrant flows, yielding new experiences on migrant selection, assimilation of immigrants into the US economy and society, and the impact of migration on the work advertise.
Lateness and Absenteeism in Observed Classes: A Reflection on Practice
Asghar Hussain, Muhammad Adeel
AbstractThis paper explores the critical incidents in the classroom context, specifically addressing issues of lateness and absenteeism. The paper reflects on the impact of these classroom disruptions on teaching and learning and discusses potential strategies to address these disruptions. In this analysis we incorporate various learning theories, such as Dweck's theory of intelligence, and Keller's ARCS model of motivation. The paper emphasizes the importance of the relevance, attention, confidence, and satisfaction in sustaining student motivation. We propose that through reflective practice, we can enhance the teaching approaches and become more effective educators.
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Exploring Challenges and Strategies in Preschool Education: An In-Depth Analysis of Teacher Experiences and Classroom Dynamics
Mohammad A. Shahzad
AbstractIn this paper we aim at understanding the various problems encountered by a preschool teacher. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate root problems which are faced by teachers of all spectrums in kindergarten schools. We will also discuss different scenarios these super humans encounter in their day-to-day routine. It is often thought that teaching kids is fun, which is not always true. The toddlers have sudden mood swings, and this can be very irritating for teachers when they have to handle a big class full of kids who can’t handle themselves and find every solution in crying. Patience and engaging activities planned by teachers is the only way which helps them in class control. The other problems faced by them are related to curriculum planning, hectic paperwork, handling administration, working in alliance with parents, low pays, and most of all handling toddler’s behavior.
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Race, Ethnicity, and Identity Construction: Exploring Societal Dynamics, Historical Perspectives
Iftikhar Mehmood
AbstractThe research paper provides insights into the sociology of race and ethnicity, investigating identity construction, historical underpinnings, and societal hierarchies. It discusses the changing definitions of race and ethnicity, the influence of migration on cultural belonging, and the power dynamics between minority and majority groups. Furthermore, it examines attitudes towards dual citizenship in the Netherlands, contextualizing them within notions of national identity and cultural acceptance. Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper sheds light on the complexities of racial and ethnic dynamics in contemporary society.
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Media Dynamics in Recent Conflicts: Syrian War Case Study
Imtiaz Khan
AbstractMass media play a vital role in influencing citizens to have their perceptions and opinions shaped. However, there is relatively less evidence to confirm or reject the claims that the media promote or prevents conflict. This paper, intends to delve into exploring visual propaganda, spreading due to the mass media between the two sides in using images to promote their political agendas during the recent Syrian conflicts. A conflict that started with the arrest of a fourteen-year-old boy who sprayed anti-government slogans on a school wall, and the effect of instantaneous worldwide reporting on this strife. The major issue is to understand that whether the advancement of media in this digital age has made any significant changes in the role of media play in such confrontations.
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A Survey of the Effective Classroom Strategies for Teaching Children with Dyslexia
Muhammad Arsalan
AbstractIn this paper we aim at discussing various strategies adopted by teachers in order to help a child with dyslexia cope with challenges in the class. The time spent in attaining education plays a significant part in a child’s development. For a teacher, aiding a dyslexic child is a wonderful as well as challenging task. Dyslexic learners have learning differences due to which they cannot hold information for long and may not be able to grasp the information at all. It is important to understand that a dyslexic learner neither lacks intelligence nor willfulness, only constant support provided by mentors can help them learn and achieve. This paper is aimed at reviewing a wide range of strategies that could act as guidelines for tutors and equip them with necessary skills to help the learners with dyslexia in different age groups learn and achieve.
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